Cook the protein. For the chili version, warm the chili in a saucepan over medium heat until steaming, about 5 minutes. For the air fryer version, add the ground beef to an air fryer safe baking pan, break it up with a spatula, and stir in the taco seasoning.
Air fry the beef. Set the pan in the air fryer basket and cook at 400°F for 10 minutes, stirring at the halfway point to break up the meat. Cook until no pink remains and the internal temperature reaches 160°F.
Drain. Tip off the rendered fat, or transfer the beef to a paper-towel-lined plate. Skipping this will make the salad watery.
Make the dressing. Whisk the sour cream, mayonnaise, salsa, lime juice, and taco seasoning together until smooth. Let it rest 5 minutes.
Assemble. Divide the romaine among four bowls. Top with warm chili or drained taco beef, then the cheddar, tomatoes, and corn.
Finish. Drizzle with the creamy salsa dressing and add the chile lime strips just before serving.