Pat the florets dry. Whisk the flour, cornstarch, garlic powder, paprika, salt, and pepper, then whisk in the milk or water until smooth. Rest for 5 minutes.
Preheat the air fryer to 375°F (190°C). Line the basket with perforated parchment or spray it with oil.
Dip the florets in the batter, let the excess drip off, and arrange them in a single layer. Spray the tops with oil.
Air fry for 20 to 25 minutes, flipping and spraying halfway, until golden and crisp. Work in batches if needed.
Meanwhile, simmer the vinegar, sugar, ketchup, pineapple juice, soy sauce, and garlic until the sugar dissolves. Stir in the slurry and cook for 1 to 2 minutes until thickened.
Sauté the bell pepper and onion in the oil over medium-high heat for 3 to 4 minutes.
Off the heat, add the cauliflower and sauce to the skillet and toss gently. Top with green onions and sesame seeds, and serve immediately.