Cut the chicken into 1-inch pieces and pat dry. Toss with the garlic powder, onion powder, and salt. Add the cornstarch and mix until evenly coated.
Preheat the air fryer to 350°F. Add the bell pepper and zucchini, spray with olive oil, and shake to coat. Air fry 10–15 minutes, shaking every few minutes, until tender-crisp and lightly charred. Set aside.
Increase the air fryer to 400°F. Spray the basket, add the chicken in a single layer, and spray the tops. Air fry 9–12 minutes per batch, shaking every 3 minutes and spraying with more oil, until the internal temperature reaches 165°F. Cook in two batches.
While the chicken cooks, whisk together the soy sauce, sugar, chicken stock, rice vinegar, and oyster sauce.
Heat the vegetable oil in a large skillet over high heat. Add the chili pods, garlic, and scallion whites and stir for 30 seconds. Add the sauce and let it bubble for 15 seconds.
Add the peppers, zucchini, and chicken. Toss until coated and the sauce reduces to a glaze, about 1 minute. Stir in the peanuts and serve, garnished with the scallion greens.