Pat chicken dry; season with ½ tbsp cajun, salt, and pepper. Set Instant Pot to Sauté – High, heat oil, sear chicken 3 minutes per side. Remove.
Add sausage; brown 2–3 minutes. Add garlic; cook 30 seconds.
Pour in broth, scraping up all browned bits. Cancel Sauté.
Add penne in an even layer (don't stir). Sprinkle with remaining 1 tbsp cajun. Place chicken on top.
Lock lid, valve to Sealing. Pressure Cook – High for 5 minutes. Do a controlled quick release.
Remove chicken to rest. Stir in butter, then warm cream, then parmesan in three additions, stirring between each.
Let rest 5 minutes uncovered. Slice chicken against the grain, fold into pasta. Garnish with parsley.